Public accounts indicate that the U.S. and international intelligence communities have been unable to paint an accurate, full portrait of Iran’s nuclear program. Perhaps there is some solace in the likelihood that Iranian officials negotiating nuclear matters also do not know the full range of activities and intentions in their nuclear program. Historically, including in the United States, diplomats, and, sometimes, relevant cabinet officials and even heads of state, do not know exactly what their nations’ technical establishments are doing related to the design and manufacture of capabilities that could be used to produce nuclear weapons. Iran’s decision-making structure is factious and informal, making it extremely difficult to ascertain who intends to do what.