THE IRANIAN REGIME: HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES UNDER SIEGE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
April 18, 2007
"Let me speak directly to the citizens of Iran:
America respects you, and we respect your country. We respect your
right to choose your own future and win your freedom. And our nation
hopes one day to be the closest of friends with a free democratic
Iran."
--President George W. Bush
The Iranian people call out for freedom and respect for their human rights. Courageous voices that speak out risk suppression, imprisonment, and violent government repression. The Iranian regime's record of human rights abuse is among the worst in the world. The United States stands with the Iranian people in their desire for freedom and democracy.
Rule by Unelected Leaders
Iranians cannot freely choose their own leaders. The Guardian Council, an unelected
body comprised of six clerics and six jurists, exerts broad control over
election procedures and candidates. They ensure that only supporters of the
theocratic system are permitted to run for the presidency or parliament.
* In preparation for the December 2006 elections of the Assembly
of Experts and municipal councils, the Iranian regime once again disqualified
thousands of candidates, including many reformists, on purely ideological
grounds. Moreover, the regime continues to crack down on media outlets,
blocking Iran's citizens from access to unbiased information and a
diversity of thought and opinion.
* Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei remains unaccountable to the citizens
of Iran. The position of Supreme Leader, with ultimate authority over Iran's
domestic, foreign, and security policies, is selected by the Guardian Council.
Deteriorating Environment for Civil Liberties
Since his election, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has installed hard-liners
throughout the government - including serious human rights abusers. Iran's
Interior and Intelligence ministers have been implicated in human rights
abuses, including the 1988 massacre of political prisoners at Evin Prison.
In June 2006, Iran sent as its representative to the UN Human Rights Council
Saeed Mortazavi, the Tehran Prosecutor General responsible for jailing dozens
of journalists and linked to the 2003 arrest, imprisonment, and torture death
of an Iranian-Canadian photojournalist. Under Ahmadinejad, censorship has
increased and hard-line academic administrators are increasingly 'restricting
academic freedom.
Restricted - Freedom of Expression
The Iranian regime severely limits freedom of speech and the press, intrusively
monitoring weblogs and blocking access to many Internet sites.
* Citizens who peacefully exercise freedom of expression and voice
opinions contrary to the regime's can be prosecuted for instigating
crimes against the state.
* Insulting Islam, as interpreted by the regime, can be punishable by death.
* Journalists are often threatened, and many have been jailed. Imprisonment
can involve torture or deplorable solitary confinement conditions.
* Since 2000 the regime closed more than 100 reformist newspapers and magazines
- sentencing many managers to jail.
Prevented - Right to Assemble
Iranians face severe restrictions on their ability to voice grievances through
public assembly. On March 8, 2006 and on June 12, 2006 Iranian security forces
dispersed peaceful women's rights assemblies in Tehran, beating and arresting
many participants. Nine of the women who participated in the June protests
are being tried for "acting against national security by participating
in an illegal gathering." Five of those women faced trial on March 4,
2007. Thirty women who gathered outside a courthouse in Tehran to show solidarity
with the five on trial were beaten and arrested. Iranian authorities also
attacked peaceful women's rights protestors in March at a gathering to mark
International Women's Day. These repressive actions by the regime highlight
an alarming trend of intolerance toward any expression of independent views
by the Iranian people.
Unjust Treatment of Women
Women in Iran are speaking out against inequality and violence against women.
* In the run-up to the December 2006 elections, all women candidates
for the Assembly of Experts were disqualified.
* Iranian authorities sentence women to lashings for appearing in public without
appropriate covering.
* Iranian authorities have convicted victims of rape as adulterers, a crime
punishable by death.
* In December 2006, the UN General Assembly renewed its call for Iran to legally
abolish the practice of stoning. There were continued reports in 2006 that
judges imposed sentences of stoning for women charged with adultery.
Persecution of Religious and Ethnic Minorities
* The status of religious freedom is extremely poor, particularly
for the Baha'i and Sufis. The current regime continues to repress Iran's
minority ethnic and religious groups, which also include Ahwazi Arabs,
Azeris, Kurds, Zoroastrians, Jews and Christians. Religious and ethnic
minorities in Iran face varying but significant degrees of social,
economic, or cultural discrimination.
* Such discrimination has captured the attention of the international community.
On December 19, 2006, for the fourth year in a row, the UN General Assembly
Third Committee passed a resolution on the country's human rights situation,
expressing serious concerns about increasing discrimination against religious
and ethnic minorities, citing the escalation and increased frequency of violations
against Baha'is. It called on the government to implement the 1996 UNSR report
of the Commission on Human Rights on religious tolerance, particularly in regard
to the Baha'i community.