Pleaded guilty in connection with a superseding indictment, filed on January 20, 2010 in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, charging Sairafi and co-defendants Jirair Avanessian and Farhad Masoumian with, between June 2005 and January 2010, exporting vacuum pumps and pump-related equipment from the United States to Iran, via Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), without the required authorization, in violation of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and the Iranian Transactions Regulations (ITR); Avanessian allegedly received orders from Masoumian on behalf of companies and individuals in Iran, then purchased and shipped the requested goods and technology to Sairafi at AVAC, a company in Dubai, undervaluing and falsely labeling shipments to avoid scrutiny; Sairafi and Masoumian allegedly then arranged to transship the goods and technology from Dubai to Iran; according to the U.S. Department of Justice, the "vacuum pumps and related equipment at issue have a number of applications, including in the enrichment of uranium"; arrested by German authorities in January 2010 in connection with the conspiracy and extradited to the United States; allegedly the managing director of AVAC.