In light of the recent assertions by France, Germany, and the United Kingdom (E3) that they retain a purported right to invoke the Dispute Resolution Mechanism (DRM) under Paragraphs 36 and 37 of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) or paragraphs 11-13 of UNSCR 2231, and reinstate the previously terminated Security Council resolutions, I am writing to draw your attention to a series of statements and actions by E3 that constitute flagrant violations of their obligations under UNSC Resolution 2231 (2015), the JCPOA, and international law as a whole.

Mindful that the JCPOA distinguishes its signatories not as "Parties" but "Participants", reflecting how the agreement is a Plan of Action and not a treaty, Participant status is a dynamic condition contingent upon good faith compliancе,including an ongoing role in implementing deal provisions. As the actions and positions adopted by the E3 are fundamentally incompatible with JCPOA Participation, any resort to DRM or remedial measures is null and void.

Regrettably, the same unlawful conduct has been evident in the statements of the European Union, through its High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, which acts as Coordinator of the JCPOA. This concerning development, a clear manifestation of bad faith conduct aimed at depriving the Islamic Republic of Iran from its rights under the Non-Proliferation Treaty, is accompanied by several statements that signal an intent to abuse the mechanisms foreseen in UNSCR 2231 (2015) and the JCPOA to reinstate the Resolutions that were terminated by UNSCR 2231 (2015).

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