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Almost a decade ago, the Security Council, in resolution 2231 (2015), endorsed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) as a “fundamental shift” in the consideration of the Iranian nuclear programme by the Council and called upon all Member States to support the implementation of the JCPOA, including by taking actions commensurate with the implementation plan and by refraining from actions that undermine implementation of commitments under the JCPOA.

The JCPOA was welcomed by the international community as a unique achievement of multilateral diplomacy and a role model for resolving disputes through dialogue and engagement. Its conclusion positively contributed to regional and international peace and security.

Security Council resolution 2231 (2015), in its preamble, specifically referred to Article 252 of the Charter of the United Nations, which is a way to establish the legally binding character of the resolution.

Both the resolution and the JCPOA contain several provisions which are interlinked concerning the process of restoring the Security Council sanctions subject to specific conditions and procedure. This mechanism is also called “snapback”.

The decision to include in Security Council resolution 2231 (2015) the “snapback” mechanism was made in 2015 at the final stage of negotiations on the JCPOA. The Iranian agreement to have such a mechanism demonstrated that Tehran had no intention whatsoever to break its commitments.

Unfortunately, in the course of implementation, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, as well as the European Union, along with the United States, have engaged in a series of actions that have systematically undermined the JCPOA and resolution 2231 (2015).

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