Chairman Shelby, Ranking Member Brown, members of the Committee, on behalf of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD), thank you for inviting me to testify today. I am honored to be testifying with Patrick Clawson whose work I greatly admire.

I will focus my testimony on the strategic necessity of deadline-triggered sanctions aimed at ensuring the
success of the current negotiations. Specifically, I will explain how these measures can restore U.S. negotiating leverage. I also will respond to what appear to be the Obama administration’s main arguments against these deadline-triggered sanctions.