Introduction

The Defendants 

1. The defendant HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. ("HUAWEI") was a global networking, telecommunications and services company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, in the People's Republic of China ("PRC"). HUAWEI was owned by a parent company ("Huawei Parent"), an entity whose identity is known to the Grand Jury, registered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, in the PRC. As the date of the filing of this Superseding Indictment, HUAWEI was the largest telecommunications manufacturer in the world.
2. HUAWEI operated numerous subsidiaries throughout the world, including in the United States. One U.S. subsidiary was the defendant HUAWEI DEVICE USA INC. ("HUAWEI USA"), whose headquarters were in Plano, Texas. 

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