1. Carbon fiber is an industrial product that consists of thin fibers made of carbon atoms. Carbon fiber has a wide variety of uses. For example, it can be used in aircraft, missiles, and large telescopes; it can also be used in gas centrifuges for uranium enrichment. Because of this variety of uses, carbon fiber can contribute to the military potential of a given country. Indeed, carbon fiber can be used in the creation of weapons of mass destruction.
2. ALI REZA SHOKRI, BEHZAD POURGHANNAD, and FARZIN FARIDMANESH, the defendants, are based in Iran. They have worked to obtain many tons of carbon fiber from the United States; to disguise it; and then to surreptitiously export it to Iran via third countries.

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