I. Introduction

1. Since my previous report, restoring the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and Security Council resolution 2231 (2015) to their full and effective implementation has remained elusive. The United States of America has not returned to the Plan, nor has it lifted or waived the unilateral sanctions reimposed after its withdrawal on 8 May 2018. It has also not extended the waivers with regard to the trade in oil with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Islamic Republic of Iran has not reversed any of the steps away from its nuclear-related commitments that it had taken since 8 May 2019, following the withdrawal of the United States from the Plan. I again urge participants in the Plan and the United States to pursue all available avenues for dialogue and cooperation.

2. In a letter dated 3 June 2024 addressed to the President of the Security Council and me (S/2024/429), the Permanent Representatives of France, Germany and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland noted that “Iran’s nuclear escalation has hollowed out the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, significantly reducing its non-proliferation value”. The Permanent Representatives observed that the “extensive violations of its Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action commitments”, including with regard to enrichment levels, overall enriched uranium stockpile and manufacture and the use of advanced centrifuges by the Islamic Republic of Iran, had made a return to full and effective implementation of the Plan more difficult. The Permanent Representatives underlined that the current context was concerning given the upcoming termination of resolution 2231 (2015) in October 2025. Nonetheless, the Permanent Representatives noted their continued commitment to a diplomatic solution to ensure the exclusively peaceful nature of the nuclear programme of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 

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