I am pleased to be here today to discuss our work on the implementation of U.S. sanctions against Iran. My testimony will discuss the continuing challenges the United States faces in (1) deterring the illegal transshipment of U.S. goods to Iran, (2) restricting foreign investment in Iran’s energy sector, and (3) assessing the overall effectiveness of U.S. sanctions. In addition, I will discuss how the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (signed into law on July 1, 2010) addresses these challenges.