Five individuals and four companies were indicted on charges of conspiring to defraud the United States, smuggling, illegally exporting U.S. goods, including defense articles, to Iran, making false statements, and obstruction of justice. According to the indictment, between June 2007 and February 2008, the defendants fraudulently purchased 6,000 radio frequency modules from a Minnesota company and illegally exported the modules, via Singapore, to Iran. Some of the components were later found in unexploded improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in Iraq. The defendants include Hossein Larijani, Wong Yuh Lan, Lim Yong Nam, Lim Kow Seng, and Hia Soo Gan Benson. The companies charged include Paya Electronics Complex, an Iranian company, and Singapore-based Opto Electronics Pte, Ltd., NEL Electronics Pte. Ltd., and Corezing International Pte. Ltd. The indictment was returned in September 2010 and unsealed in October 2011. Seng, Nam, Hia, and Wong were arrested in October 2011, in Singapore, in connection with a U.S. extradition request. They currently await extradition to the United States. Hossein Larijani remains at large. Fifteen entities linked to this conspiracy, including the five defendants, have also been added to the U.S. Commerce Department's Entity List, which imposes a licensing requirement on the export of any item subject to Commerce regulation, with a presumption of denial.

Larijani may have connections to Majid Kakavand, an accused Iranian procurement agent who has been indicted in the United States for illegally exporting U.S. goods to Iran, including to Iranian military entities involved in nuclear and ballistic missile work.