Subordinate to the General Bureau of Surveillance of the Korean People's Army; "responsible for about half of the DPRK arms and related materiel exports," according to a report to the U.N. Security Council by the Panel of Experts established pursuant to U.N. Resolution 1874 (2009); sanctioned (along with all successors, sub-units, and subsidiaries) by the United States on December 27, 2004 under the Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000 for the transfer to Iran since January 1, 1999 of equipment and/or technology of proliferation significance.