Iran's state-owned Petrochemical Commercial Company (PCC) has used British front companies to open bank accounts and conduct transactions at Lloyds and Santander banks, according to a journalistic investigation. Pisco UK is a company owned by British national Abdollah-Siauash Fahimi, but Fahimi is a former director of PCC's UK subsidiary, PCC UK, who agreed to own the company on PCC's behalf. Similarly, Aria Associates is nominally owned by Mohamed Ali Rejal, who is deputy chief executive of PCC UK. Both companies have received payments from Chinese firms, including Black Tulip Trading China, on PCC's behalf. PCC and PCC UK are both sanctioned by the United States, and PCC has held contracts with companies connected to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), including the Turkey-based company ASB.

The U.S. Department of Justice announced the indictment of four Chinese nationals involved in smuggling U.S.-made dual use goods to Iran via China-based front companies between 2007 and 2020. The four individuals charged were Baoxia Liu (Emily Liu), Yiu Wa Yung (Stephen Yung), Yongxin Li (Emma Lee), and Yanlai Zhong (Sydney Chung). The goods, which could be used in Iran's missile and UAV programs, were ultimately destined for Iranian entities including the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Shiraz Electronics Industries, and Rayan Roshd Afzar Company.

Iran simultaneously launched three satellites, the Mahda, the Kayhan-2, and the Hatef-1, into orbit. It was the first successful launch of the Simorgh rocket after multiple previous failures. Earlier in the month, Iran launched the Soraya satellite atop a rocket built by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

Pakistan launched a missile attack against separatist militants inside Iran's Sistan-Baluchestan Province killing at least nine people, two days after Iran carried out a similar operation inside Pakistan. Both countries characterized their strikes as aimed against terrorist groups.