A federal jury in the United States convicted Pakistani national Muhammad Pahlawan on charges related to smuggling advanced conventional weapons from Iran to the Houthis in Yemen. Pahlawan captained an unflagged dhow that was boarded by the U.S. Navy in the Arabian Sea in January 2024, resulting in the seizure of weapons including ballistic missile components, anti-ship cruise missile components, and a warhead. Pahlawan had allegedly coordinated with two Iranian nationals affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Shahab Mir’kazei and Yunus Mir’kazei, to make multiple smuggling voyages from Iran to Yemen since August 2023.