A Hamburg court sentenced a German businessman and three German-Iranians for smuggling nuclear-related items to Iran.  In 2010 and 2011, the four men allegedly procured and shipped parts for Iran's heavy water reactor in Arak, claiming that the goods were destined for Turkey and Azerbaijan.  U.S. intelligence services informed German authorities in 2009 about the planned illegal shipments, but the German Federal Office for Export Control still approved the exports.   Ninety-two valves were sent to Iran by a German businessman identified as Rudolf M. via Iranian middleman Hossein Tanideh, who is currently in jail in Turkey.  Rudolf M. was assisted by three men identified as Gholamali K., Kianzad K., and Hamid K.