Pakistani national Muhammad Pahlawan was sentenced by a U.S. court to 40 years in prison for transporting Iranian-made advanced conventional weapons for delivery to the Houthis in Yemen. From August 2023 to January 2024, Pahlawan made multiple smuggling voyages arranged and funded by two Iranians affiliated with the IRGC, Shahab Mir’kazei and Yunus Mir’kazei, and coordinated ship-to-ship transfers of weapons by sea using coordinates provided by them. U.S. Navy forces boarded an unflagged dhow in the Arabian Sea off Somalia on January 11, 2024, and seized the weapons, which included ballistic missile components, anti-ship cruise missile components, and a warhead. Pahlawan, the ship's captain, was convicted in June 2025 of conspiring to provide material support to terrorists, providing material support to Iran’s weapons of mass destruction program and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), conspiring to and transporting explosive devices to the Houthis, and threatening his crew.